New Otomotif: Understanding the piston and its function in detail

Understanding the piston and its function in detail

PISTON

A piston is a sliding plug that is installed inside a combustion engine cylinder in a hydraulic, pneumatic and pump cylinder.

The purpose of the piston in the cylinder is:

Changing the volume of the cylinder contents, changes in volume can be caused because the piston gets pressure from the contents of the cylinder or vice versa the piston presses the contents of the cylinder. Pistons that receive pressure from the fluid and will change the pressure into a (linear) force.

*Open and close the flow path.

With this function, the piston must be mounted tightly in the cylinder. One or several rings (rings) are mounted on the piston to be very tight with the cylinder. In cylinders with middle to upper working temperatures, the ring material is made of metal, called the piston ring (piston ring). Whereas in cylinders with low working temperatures, generally ring material is made of rubber, called the ring seal (seal ring).

A piston is a machine component that forms a combustion chamber together with a cylinder block and cylinder head. The piston also makes up and down movements to carry out the engine work cycle, and the piston must be able to continue the combustion power to the crankshaft. So we can see that the piston has a very important function in carrying out the work cycle of the engine and in producing combustion power. For this reason, the piston must have the following conditions:

Light, to make it easy for the engine to reach high rotation. If the piston construction is too heavy, it is difficult for the engine to reach high rotation, so the acceleration of the motorbike or the car becomes very slow... Or the language is easy, the motorbike or car is slow to reach high speeds even though the gas has been pulled.

Resist explosion pressure due to combustion results. At the time of business steps, gasoline and air were burned by electric sparks from the spark plug. The results of this combustion will cause explosions and very strong pressure in the combustion chamber, not least the piston receives the explosion and pressure from the combustion results.. Therefore, in addition to the piston must be light but the piston must also be strong in resisting explosions and the pressure of combustion to continue moving the shaft

Crank.

Resistant to expand. Combustion of a mixture of gasoline and air in the combustion chamber will cause heat, the temperature in the combustion chamber area will rise very high. As we have seen that with increasing temperatures, the metal will undergo a change in shape or expand. Pistons made of special metals will experience a lot of expansion. If the expansion experienced by the piston is excessive it will make the piston locked or fastened to the cylinder block wall, so that the piston will stop working up and down in the cylinder, so that it can be said that the engine has died with the piston stopped in doing up and down movements.

The piston (piston) functions to move the energy obtained from the results of combustion to the crankshaft. At the piston there are complementary components, namely:

- Connecting rod (connecting rod to connect the piston to the crankshaft).

- Piston pen (piston pin), to tie the piston to the connecting rod through the bushing hole

- The piston ring (piston ring), functions to form a tight seal against gas leakage between piston and cylinder slits while regulating the lubrication of piston and cylinder walls.

- The piston ring consists of a compression ring and lubricating ring.

- The crankshaft, which functions to change the piston's alternating motion into a rotary motion which is then used to rotate the wheel. The crankshaft is equipped with bearings which function to avoid friction between the axle

- Crank with other rotating parts. The crankshaft part that supports the piston is inserted by a sliding bearing called the metal road, while the crankshaft part which supports the engine block is inserted by a sliding bearing called metal siding.

- Flywheel or successor wheel, functions to receive some of the energy obtained from the work step and gives energy to other steps. On the outside of the flywheel a ring gear is installed, this gear is used to relate to the pinion gear on the starter motor when the engine is turned on.